The paper presents a simulation of flight control of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A distributed control system is proposed that sequentially includes internal and external circuits to control the state of motion of the aircraft. The control efficiency of a cascade PD controller (proportional-differential) is higher than that of a traditional PID controller (proportional-integral-differentiating). A new cascade control algorithm with a PD controller is proposed. First, the dynamics of the UAV is modeled based on the Newton-Euler method, then the state of motion of the device is controlled by a distributed control system based on cascaded levels of proportional derivatives of the internal and external contours. The simulation results show that the controller, developed on the basis of proportional-derivative control speed of internal and external circuits, is able to achieve fast tracking of the position and orientation of the UAV in case of external disturbances and has good control quality. The developed algorithm has increased the control efficiency by 5-7% compared to the traditional PID algorithm.

Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, PID controller, Cascade PD controller, Algorithm Optimization, UAV Control Algorithm

The article is devoted to the assessment of the strength of reinforced concrete elements with defects and damages. It examines the main types of defects (reinforcement corrosion, cracks, deformations, shrinkage, spalling of concrete, etc.), their causes, and consequences. The document also presents various calculation methods for evaluating the residual load-bearing capacity of structures, taking into account these defects, including formulas for assessing the impact of corrosion, cracks, and other damages on the strength of beams. It is noted that current methodologies primarily focus on analyzing a single type of defect, while a comprehensive approach to evaluating multiple damages requires further research. The research results can be useful for developing recommendations for the operation and repair of reinforced concrete structures, as well as for improving methods of assessing their safety during long-term use.

Keywords: strength, load-bearing capacity, damage, defect, crack, corrosion, degradation, experiment, reinforced concrete, beam

The article presents research in the form of comparison of safety factors in guy ropes of building structures designed using the limit state method and ropes of mast structures related to power engineering facilities, specified in federal norms and rules. It is demonstrated that the use of safety factors for guy ropes of mast structures, justified by the theory of reliability, allows to effectively solve the problem of assigning rejection criteria for guy ropes, and can be used in developing recommendations for their inspection, technical diagnostics, and operation based on the existing known rejection criteria used for lifting structures.

Keywords: building structures, wooden structures, membrane panel, stress-strain state, radial beam dome, dome, membrane, design, experimental study

Steel hoisting ropes play an important role in metallurgical equipment, ensuring reliability and efficiency of lifting operations. One of the key features of their operation is the high level of contamination typical of metallurgical operations. Metallurgical processes are often accompanied by dust, metal chips and other abrasive particles that can significantly degrade ropes, causing wear and corrosion. To maintain the efficient operation of equipment it is necessary to monitor the condition of hoisting ropes in real time, which makes the task of improving automatic systems for monitoring the condition of ropes urgent. The paper reviews the methods of optical control of defects in hoisting steel ropes, the advantages and limitations of different approaches are considered. The aim of the work is to justify the effectiveness of the authors' developed method of analyzing rope defect images using neural networks in relation to the method based on the discrete Fourier transform. It is revealed that one of the most promising in terms of technical and economic efficiency of inspection methods is the application of vision system with image processing based on convolutional neural network technology, which allows to effectively detect defects in complex and changing operating conditions, such as metallurgical and mining production, where the background of the image may be non-uniform, and the distance between the camera and the rope varies.

Keywords: lifting ropes, vision systems, optical control methods, fast Fourier transform, hidden Markov models, convolutional neural networks

The article examines the research topic of non-stationary retail facilities in Gukovo. The relevance of this topic is due to the crisis state of the urban environment, the integration of small temporary buildings into the urban fabric of the city. Important integration factors are aesthetics, functionality, interaction with the environment, and innovation. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for the development of the NTO of the city of Gukovo, as an environmental system that performs the functions of updating and structuring the urban environment in the direction of implementing programs for the advanced development of former single-industry towns and improving their quality of life.

Keywords: non-stationary retail facilities, factors, innovative solutions, environmental systems, design code, single-industry town, models, architectural and design update

Two capacitive methods of measuring the linear density of one-dimensional fibrous products are considered. The sensitivity of the measurement results to variations in the geometric and physical parameters of the measuring device for the differential and resonance measurement methods is estimated. A weak, almost linear dependence of the measurement error on parameter variations in a wide variation range is established. The good suitability of both methods for measuring the linear density of one-dimensional products by the capacitive method and the high correlation between the measured value and the measurement results are substantiated.

Keywords: fibrous materials, one-dimensional products, linear density, capacitive measurement method, capacitive method, differential circuit, resonant measurement circuit, parameter variations

For the development of automated systems for designing ultraviolet irradiators intended to compensate for the deficiency of natural ultraviolet, it is critically important to know the spatial distribution of the erythemal radiation power. However, there are no suitable sensors for direct measurement of this value on the Russian market. In this regard, an alternative method for determining the erythemal radiation power is considered, which does not require the use of specialized erythemal-sensitive receivers. The method is based on obtaining the spatial distribution of the erythemal radiation power by taking into account the curve of the relative spectral erythemal efficiency of radiation and preliminary measurements on a gonioradiometric setup of the distribution of energy illuminance in the UVA (320 - 400 nm), UVB (280 - 320 nm) regions and the relative spectral distribution of the irradiator or radiation source for one arbitrarily selected direction in the wavelength range of 280 - 400 nm.

Keywords: ultraviolet radiation; erythemal radiation; irradiation units; measurement method, radiation strength; spatial distribution of erythemal radiation strength, method

The article discusses the problem of the lack of regulatory requirements and methodological recommendations for choosing the type of hinged facade systems, depending on the cladding materials and architectural features of buildings and structures. In the course of the study, modern cladding materials for hinged facade systems were considered and their classification was compiled. The main criteria for choosing a facade system are determined, taking into account various factors such as architectural features and installation technology. The author substantiates the need to develop a methodology for choosing a facade system depending on the architecture of the building and the type of cladding material.

Keywords: hinged facade systems, cladding materials, choice of facade system, building architecture, facade design, modular facade systems, installation of facade systems

This article is devoted to the issues of implementation of automated control system of regional electric networks based on intelligent technologies. The significance of the issue under consideration is expressed in the fact that along with the development of technologies and their active use, electric loads in networks where large losses of electric power occur are increasing. Some issues of increasing the efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources at the regional level are considered. The main elements of the system approach to the analysis of the automated process control system of the regional energy system (APCS RES) are described. An example of the design and implementation of a pilot project for the introduction of intelligent technologies in the electrical networks of the Chechen Republic, in particular in the electrical networks of the city of Argun, is given. The most significant entities of the regional electric power industry are considered, which determine the process of functioning of the automated process control system of the power grid, as well as those that have or are capable of having an impact on the structure and process of functioning of the automated process control system of the power grid, where the degree of influence, situations and moments of influence for all the entities given are absolutely different. The conducted methodology of forming entities represents their dependence on each other to varying degrees.

Keywords: electricity metering, electrical network, intelligent technologies, automated process control system, regional energy system, electricity tariff

The paper addresses the problem of the technical diagnostics of hump control devices, such as wagon retarders. The current analytical methods of monitoring and technical diagnostics of wagon retarder conditions are reviewed. The factors that are used in the existing diagnostics systems are analyzed and new factors to be taken into account, including specific pathway peculiarities, wagon group lengths, breaking curve styles, initial wagon group speed and environment conditions, are suggested. The suggested set of factors are characterized from the point of regression analysis. The replacement of some continuous factors with lexical ones are suggested. Decision tree-based classificators are suggested to perform the classification of hump retarder conditions. The decision tree-based classificators can be built with the means of Data Mining on a training set. An improved method of building decision trees is suggested. It’s advantage over the existing algorithms is shown on evaluation sets.

Keywords: hump yard, wagon retarders, regression, decision trees, classification, data mining, multi-factor analysis, soft computations

The methods and approaches to reduce the wear of bearings and blades of electric generators are analyzed to increase the service life of the equipment, improve its reliability and efficiency. An analysis of the factors affecting wear is given, including mechanical, temperature and operational loads. Calculations are performed confirming the effectiveness of using modern materials, improved lubrication systems and optimized process modes. It is shown that the comprehensive implementation of the proposed solutions can significantly reduce the wear rate, reduce maintenance and repair costs, and ensure stable generator performance. The recommendations presented can serve as a basis for upgrading existing equipment and designing new power plants.

Keywords: building structures, metal structures, energy facilities, stress-strain state, technical expertise

The purpose of this work is to analyze the concept of the threat of ransomware, methods of their detection, as well as to consider methods of intelligent analysis in solving the problem of detection, which are a popular tool among researchers of ransomware and malicious software (malware) in general. Data mining helps to improve the accuracy and speed up the malware detection process by processing large amounts of information. Specialists can identify new, previously unknown malware. And with the help of generative adversarial networks, zero-day malware can be detected. Despite the fact that a direct and objective comparison of all the studies presented in the work is impossible, due to different data sets, it can be assumed that using the architecture of generative-adversarial networks is the most promising way to solve the problem of detection.

Keywords: malware, ransomware, intelligent analysis, machine learning, neural network, generative adversarial network

This article analyzes the main causes of fatal injuries in the construction industry of the Russian Federation and a number of other foreign countries, including falls from heights, electric shock, injuries associated with the use of construction machinery and mechanisms, as well as exposure to harmful substances. In conclusion, the article highlights the importance of joint efforts by employers, employees and regulators to create a safer and healthier work environment in the construction industry. The implementation of the preventive measures described in the article can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and improve the well-being of employees.

Keywords: construction industry, industrial injuries, accidents, causes of injuries, working conditions, occupational risks, working at height, occupational safety, environmental factors, workplace organization, training

Reinforced concrete is the most common material in construction, this is due to its high performance and consumer characteristics. Despite a number of its positive characteristics, concrete has a negative property, its hygroscopicity. In the structure of concrete is a large number of micropores, cracks and capillaries, which contribute to the spread of moisture throughout the structure. This leads to the destruction of concrete, corrosion of reinforcement. Waterproofing is an important aspect of building construction and maintenance. It helps prevent moisture damage that leads to costly repairs and structural failure over time.

Keywords: concrete waterproofing, waterproofing system, polymer membrane, geocomposite fabric, liquid waterproofing membrane, penetrating waterproofing

Technical solutions aimed at preventing and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations in tunnel construction practice (in terms of laying utility lines or subways) are defined. Technical solutions are given taking into account their implementation in the conditions of structures under construction and in operation, characterized by a repeatable and predictable nature of occurrence.

Keywords: building structures, technology, repair work, underground utilities, tunnel, metro construction