The paper is devoted to problems that arise in practical classes when solving physics tasks for students of engineering majors at the university. Examples of classification of tasks by types are given, taking into account certain criteria. Factors that contribute to the development of students' skills in solving physics tasks are considered. Solutions to the above-mentioned taskss are briefly discussed. A diagram is proposed that shows the main stages of solving a quantitative physics task, as well as feedbacks that seem essential in the course of the solution.

Keywords: physics, engineering direction, practical lesson, task, solution, main stages, problem during solution, mathematical training, mastering the discipline, element of creativity, methodical instructions

The article considers the assessment of the suitability of solar radiation data from ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis for forecasting problems in the northern territories. The experimental site of the Mukhrino station (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug), equipped with an autonomous power supply system, was chosen as the object of analysis. A statistical analysis of the annual array of global horizontal insolation data obtained using the PVGIS platform has been carried out. Seasonal and diurnal features of changes in insolation are considered, distribution profiles are constructed, and emissions are estimated using the interquartile range method. It is established that the data are characterized by high variability and the presence of a large number of zero values due to polar nights and weather conditions. The identified features must be taken into account when building short-term forecasting models. The conclusion is made about the acceptable quality of ERA5 data for use in forecasting energy generation and consumption in heating systems.

Keywords: ERA5, solar radiation, horizontal insolation, the Far North, statistical analysis, forecasting, emissions analysis, renewable energy sources, energy supply to remote areas, time series, intelligent generation management

Establishing relationships between construction and the pristine preservation of the environment, prioritizing what is necessary and sufficient, and balancing requirements and capabilities are a prerequisite for the harmonious development of the planet. But often, high rates of industrialization and local decision-making threaten the stability and harmonious development of the environment. The main problem is the disparity of goals and methods between design specializations. Each employee of a related specialty performs a task in accordance with current regulations, without thinking about the impact of the decision on the future object and its aesthetics. The concept of support and participation meets the requirements of multitasking and encourages an architect to be not only an architect, but also a social worker, engineer, fighter, diplomat, and solve environmental problems. The aim of the authors is to substantiate the need for flexible solutions in engineering and construction design, joint solutions to the problems of creating a favorable environment, and the participation of the architect in all areas of the building's life cycle.

Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production

The authors of the article raise the question of the value of the graphic heritage of famous architects, which they brought when they were sent abroad (on so-called retirement trips) to study architectural monuments, and the significance of these works for their design activities. The development of retirement at the Academy of Fine Arts is briefly considered. Using the example of drawings made by I.A. Monighetti abroad, in order to get acquainted with the world's artistic and architectural monuments, a comparative analysis of measurements preserved in the library's collection with fragments of his specific buildings is carried out. In this publication, for the first time, some of the surviving works of I.A. Monighetti, which are in the collection of the library of St. Petersburg State University, are introduced into scientific circulation. The method of using the studied architectural monuments in the practical works of the master is shown.

Keywords: stages, architectural education, Academy of fine Arts, retirement, graphic heritage, projects, architect, Hippolyte Monighetti

We conducted experimental studies to determine the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foams with different structural parameters, such as cell type and size. The purpose of the study was to investigate the contribution of radiant heat exchange to the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foams. The studies were conducted using the ITP-MG4 thermal conductivity meter in two distinct versions. In the first instance, the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam was measured without the inclusion of a foil layer, whereas in the second instance. The results of the studies demonstrated that, depending on the morphology of the foam, the contribution of radiant heat exchange to thermal conductivity ranges from 5.88% to 15.87%.

Keywords: cellular materials, thermal insulation, polyurethane foam, thermal conductivity, radiation, morphology

The presented article reveals the issue of using waste from the automotive industry of rubber products as one of the possible ways to improve the quality of asphalt pavement and, accordingly, reduce the number of repair activities and material costs for their implementation and increase the service life of the roadway. The tests carried out show that the asphalt-concrete mixture using a modifier based on active rubber powder demonstrates the best mechanical and operational characteristics. The strength and elasticity of asphalt concrete increases, as well as the abrasion resistance decreases, which leads to a longer use time of this web. Such changes in the characteristics of the roadway have a positive effect on the economic side of the issue. Improving the quality of the finished product increases the time intervals between repair actions, which reduces material and resource costs. The adhesion of the road to the rubber of cars is improved.

Keywords: asphalt concrete, asphalt mix, automobile waste, rubber crumb, modifier, active rubber powder

This article examines the use of a dual-circuit closed-loop system for pulsation combustion of solid fuel in agricultural services. The results of research on gas self-oscillations during wood waste combustion in a Helmholtz resonator-type installation are presented. It has been established that with certain geometric characteristics of the installation, a significant sound pressure level (up to 165 dB) can be achieved in the combustion chamber while maintaining a low noise level (up to 65 dB), which contributes to increased combustion efficiency and meets environmental requirements. Potential applications of this technology are proposed, including agricultural waste utilization, drying of agricultural products, and heating of greenhouse complexes and livestock facilities.

Keywords: Pulsation combustion, Helmholtz resonator, solid fuel, agricultural waste, energy efficiency, biomass utilization, agro-industrial complex.

A study of heat transfer in porous heat exchangers with a sediment of dust particles was carried out. The influence of heat exchanger length and the presence of sediment on the Nusselt number was studied. It was revealed that increasing the length of the heat exchanger from 5 to 30 mm leads to an increase in the Nusselt number by 39.72-81.35% depending on the Reynolds number. The formation of sediment on the surface of the heat exchanger leads to a decrease in the Nusselt number by 2.8-6.6%.

Keywords: heat transfer, hydrodynamics, calculation, Nusselt number, Reynolds number, mathematical modeling, sediment formation, microelectronics, cooling systems, radiator

More attention is being paid to the transition to domestic software with the digitalisation of the construction industry and import substitution. At each stage of construction, additional products are needed, including CAD and BIM. The experience of integration of Russian-made systems for the tasks of information modeling of transport infrastructure and road construction is considered. Within the framework of the work the integration of Vitro-CAD CDE and Topomatic Robur software system was performed. Joint work of the construction project participants in a single information space was organized. The efficiency of work of the project participants was determined due to the release from routine operations. Integration experience has shown that the combination of Vitro-CAD and Topomatic Robur allows to manage project data efficiently, store files with version tracking, coordinate documentation and issue comments to it.

Keywords: common data environment, information space, information model, digital ecosystem, computer-aided design, building information modeling, automation, integration, import substitution, software complex, platform, design documentation, road construction

The paper proposes and specifies the engineering mathematical model of the drive using a block of ferrofluid couplings and, within the framework of preliminary design, studies its dynamic properties, in the course of which transient characteristics are obtained, allowing to assess the qualitative performance of such a drive and to outline measures for their improvement.

Keywords: uninterruptible power supply system, automatic regulation, relay voltage regulator, relay system modeling.

The problem of optimisation of selective assembly of plunger-housing precision joints of feeders of centralised lubrication systems used in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, mining, etc. is considered. The probability of formation of assembly sets of all types is used as the target function; the controlled variables are the number and volumes of parts of batches and their adjustment centres, as well as the values of group tolerances. Several variants of solving the problem at different combinations of controlled variables are considered. An example of the solution of the optimisation problem on the basis of the previously developed mathematical models with the given initial data and constraints is given, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the variants are outlined. Optimisation allows to increase the considered indicator by the value from 5% to 20%.

Keywords: selective assembly, lubrication feeder, precision connection, mathematical model, optimisation

A combined theoretical and practical study of the burner device parameters has been performed. The flow characteristic of the fuel supply system has been determined. Aerodynamic studies of the burner device characteristics have been conducted, axial velocity fields have been constructed, and critical parameters of the air supply unit design have been identified. The temperatures of in-chamber processes have been experimentally determined. A mathematical model of chemical reactions of the torch has been developed, and the dependence of diesel fuel toxicity on the excess air coefficient has been constructed. The effect of water vapor on the burner device operation has been determined.

Keywords: burner device, axial velocity field, intra-chamber processes, thermochemical parameters, mathematical modeling, toxicity

The features of the functional-planning and architectural-environmental organization of rehabilitation centers for injured athletes are investigated. A comparative analysis of the functional process of existing rehabilitation centers for the disabled and rehabilitation institutions for athletes is carried out; a system of additional specific measures and functional blocks influencing their architectural, environmental and planning characteristics is identified. For the stabilization, adaptation, recovery and consolidation stages, a specific group of rooms, spaces and equipment is offered, including: individual exercise machines, halls and rooms for group classes, simulators of psychological stress, as well as universal gyms and outdoor playgrounds for demonstration performances of athletes (at the "consolidation" stage). The presented proposals on the functional organization serve as a methodological basis for the formation of adaptive architectural and planning models of rehabilitation centers for athletes.

Keywords: rehabilitation center for athletes, architectural and planning organization, functional blocks

This paper is the first of a series of works, which the authors have devoted to the analysis of experimental data available in the literature on the influence of various factors on the strength of reinforced concrete monolithic walls of civil buildings. Among them the most significant ones were identified: the ratio of height to wall width, the ratio of height to wall thickness, the class of concrete and the class of reinforcement, the reinforcement scheme and the loading scheme, etc. The most important factors were identified. It is established that the scientists of the past and present in their works, due to the complexity and costliness of experiments, considered a limited small number of factors in a separate study - 1...3, often without taking into account their mutual influence. There is no theoretical interpretation of the results obtained in these works, and no scientific publications summarising the accumulated experimental material have been found. This paper and our subsequent publications are an attempt to eliminate this gap. In the present paper, a classification of all factors is given and the joint action of factor No. 1, which takes into account the H/B aspect ratios, and factor 15c, which takes into account the joint action of vertical and horizontal loads, is considered. The results of this analysis will allow us to make the next step towards the improvement of the methodology for calculating the strength of monolithic reinforced concrete walls, which will take into account the different types of influencing factors as much as possible.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, monolithic walls, experimental data, strength, stiffness, crack resistance, influence factors, geometrical parameters, loads, deformations

The article considers the possibility of measuring the temperature of cable transmission lines with the help of specially manufactured narrowed quartz optical fiber. The technology of manufacturing of narrowed optical fiber on a specially designed device is considered. The device of laboratory installation for revealing the expansion of optical fiber under the influence of temperature is considered. The influence of temperature on the laser beam deflection in the created quartz single-mode fiber is investigated.

Keywords: optical fiber, fiber optic sensor, temperature measurement, cable power lines