The article examines the Lepeshinsky House in Nalchik as a significant architectural and cultural heritage site. It describes the historical aspects of its construction in the late 19th century, architectural features and artistic elements that make the building unique. The authors emphasize the importance of preserving this monument for future generations and its role in shaping the cultural identity of the region. The article also discusses current problems of the building’s operation and plans for its restoration aimed at restoring its historical appearance and preventing further destruction. Key aspects include the need to protect cultural heritage and draw public attention to the significance of such objects for the history and culture of the people.

Keywords: Lepeshinsky House, Nalchik, architectural heritage, cultural heritage, historical building, restoration, preservation, architectural features, mansion, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

The ancient fortress located on the territory of the prince's estate of Zabota, on the left bank of the Chegema River, currently located between Lechinkai and Chegem II, is the subject of this article. The article examines the unique Kabardian stone structures, analyzes their distinctive characteristics and compares them with typical stone buildings of the late Middle Ages in Kabardino-Balkaria. In addition, the article examines how the culture and traditions of the region influenced the design of stone products, as evidenced by the architectural solutions used in the construction. The research conducted in this article focuses on the study of archaeological finds in order to reconstruct the history of a particular region and track socio-cultural changes that have occurred over a long period of time. The scientific basis of this study is based on materials collected in museums and bibliographic research.

Keywords: architecture, fortress, hillforts, fortifications, settlements, residence, fortification, stone structure, North Caucasus, Kabarda